Electronic Marketing in Chappy Chiropractic Clinic

Opportunity Analysis for Lindsay and Bernadette The ability of applying marketing principles and techniques through the internet platform in order to conduct business activities constitutes electronic marketing. The whole process entails activities that a business conducts using a range of technological applications as a way of reaching its customers (What is eMarketing and how is it better than traditional marketing? 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Electronic Marketing in Chappy Chiropractic Clinic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This idea of e-presence enables businesses to attract and retain more customers within their premises than before. The proprietors at Chappy’s Chiropractic Clinic (CCC) will be able to connect their services with the entire world if they opt to use this modern marketing strategy. The online platform has literally millions of persons that CCC will meet should it join the platform. The higher numbers of clients than in the traditional strategy implies that Lindsay and Bernadette will have increased return on investments (ROI). The increased ROI will adjust the growth to over 3%, as has been the trend over the past 5 years. Additionally, electronic marketing will move products and services closer to consumers. CCC will be able to post its services on the web and in return, customers can request for services from any point on the globe. Clearly, the internet will bring CCC close to its customers without involving extra costs like transport and other logistics. The clinic will have created a virtual market that will enable it gain competitive advantage over other clinics in the Victorian Community. Online marketing will also offer CCC a levelled-playing ground with the larger clinics. The difference will only exist on the mode of attracting consumers on the internet. Lindsay and Bernadette will meet new organizational networks that can provide them with vast knowledge on different management strategies that can foster growth. The duo will learn to be professional in their service provision to customers just like their larger competitors (The Marketing Mix and 4 Ps 2011). Studies conducted by the Australian Communications and media authority in 2008 found that 91% of household with people aged 8-17 years old had the internet. In addition, a study presented on digital buzz blog stated that 1 in every 13 people in the world use Facebook in 2011 with over 50% of them who log on everyday.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This indicates that most families have access to the internet and majority of people are on Facebook adding to the reason as why an e-presence is a beneficial move for Lindsay’s clinic as chiropractic care is for people of all ages and the best way to relay their service is through the internet. The entr y of CCC into the electronic market will reduce the cost at which it will process information in the subsequent periods. For instance, it is more costly to publish newsletters or send catalogues to customers than to send an e-mail to the same number of clients (Wigand Benjamin 2000). They can use the iPad 3 instead of depending on published newsletters from the Chiropractic Society of Victoria to promote the benefits of chiropractic care to inform their clients about the clinics developments and community-related information. The move is efficient and effective in relaying information to customers in real time. Clearly, in online marketing, CCC will save on the costs of printing and distribution of different information materials. Again, responses to e-mails will save on time as compared to the traditional modes of writing or printing letters. For instance, if CCC products hit Victorian Community news headlines, the duo can respond within a short time as they only post information on their website or e-mail template from the iPad 3. Lindsay and Bernadette will record reduced costs of operation in general if they join online marketing. The cost reduction aspect is also evident in expanding the geographical presence in a virtual manner without meeting the costs of paying for physical rental offices. This idea also eliminates the option of limited access to services since customers will be able to view the website even when the physical office at Victoria is closed. Therefore, the duo will virtually remain open for 24/7 should they join the online marketing technique. Lindsay can use the new iPad 3 to keep updating the clients of new information within their premises. CCC can opt do operate from one strategic point in order to minimize the overall expenses on service provision to customers (Linton 2011). If Lindsay and Bernadette go online, they will be able to follow their customers on the internet. When a person visits the internet, CCC can directly advertise its offers to him/her. In case a customer purchases a product, the SME keeps a profile of the customer, which can assist in performing future sales. In addition, the clinic will develop one-on-one marketing relationship with the people it reaches.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Electronic Marketing in Chappy Chiropractic Clinic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, several people have internet-enabled mobile phones and PDAs in all locations; therefore, they do not wait to go home and switch on their televisions or radios to get news updates. Obviously, the concept of online marketing develops a personalised information transfer, which will be beneficial to CCC in targeting its campaigns (Sarkar n.d.). From another aspect, internet marketing offers opportunities for business people to design interesting campaigns in the form of videos, music, and graphics (McQueen 2005). This concept is only efficient and effective through this technological aspect. Lindsay and Bernadette will be able to send their new products to consumers via the internet in advance. These customers will have prior knowledge on the use of drugs and other safety precautions. In such a computer-mediated environment, customers will only do purchases through a click of a button at their convenient locations instead of making phone calls or travelling to the clinic’s physical location (Hoffman Novak 1996). Strategic Marketing and Justifications CCC intends to go online in its services as a way of increasing its market presence. Lindsay and Bernadette plan to increase their growth rate to be above 3% within the first year of entry into online marketing field. This marketing plan will mainly target the medical health services market. The target market is composed of patients who are mainly after chiropractor care services. The target market remains those suffering from bone, muscle, and ligament complications. Th e clinic will offer exemplary services particularly customer care services to the clients to ensure customer satisfaction and gain competitive edge over its competitors (Brannback 1997). The CCC’s website will remain attractive, as it will include vast information on signs, symptoms, and treatment of bone complications. CCC will focus widely on the increasing population instead of focusing on the Victorian regional community, which has around 60,000 people. The clinic should employ an IT specialist in order to handle the large market that has millions of people. In promoting their products and services, the clinic should focus on connecting its website with the common social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and You Tube (Sarkar 1999).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Price CCC will be able to eliminate information asymmetry using the website since it will reduce the cost of information acquisition. Products like vitamin supplements, pillows, and orthotics require prior customer experience to determine quality. Consumers cannot know about the products the first time they buy them. The only pieces of information on the products can be the advertisements in the website and their descriptions. In this product scenario, the pricing strategy will be effective when consumers will be willing to use the products. Lindsay and Bernadette will find it necessary to use high prices if they believe that their products are of high quality. On the other hand, the services that CCC offers on chiropractic can only be evaluated under a highly controlled-experiment given that it is difficult for patients to evaluate Lindsay’s competence during their first visits (Nagle 1984). The cost of acquiring such information should be low to increase the number of peopl e accessing the website. On the pricing of the products and services, the clinic will go for cost effective options among the internet service providers so that it does not incur high cost on maintaining the online platform. Low costs from the ISP are essential, as this will translate to favourable prices for the products and services within CCC (Aarhus University 2012). Clearly, when the cost of maintaining the website remains high, the clinic will have to adjust its market prices in order to meet the cost website of maintenance. Product The products at CCC must be superior in the website. For example, the pillows design must be of high quality to attract the attention of online viewers. Moreover, the website must describe the chiropractic services in a way that is in line with the current market requirements. In the website, descriptions of services at CCC should be at the forefront followed by other products like pillows and vitamin supplements. The online platform will assist CC C to market its services and goods through vivid descriptions. Markedly, acquisition of these products remains off-line, but the website assists in disseminating information about the products. The website to be developed should be user friendly since it is most likely that older generations will access it. The website should describe the location of the clinic, the qualifications, and experience of the main medical practitioners available and services offered at the clinic including the prices (Griffith Palmer 1998). Additionally, the site should include sections that give medical advice for various medical conditions. The website should also include a section where potential clients can channel their queries in addition to a section where the previous or current clients can channel their feedback. Moreover, there should be contact details such as an email address of one doctor and the clinic’s phone number. Marketing channels/place A marketing channel can be defined as a g roup of interdependent firms that work together with an aim of transferring a product and information from the supplier to the consumer (Hoffman and Novak 1996, p. 61). Therefore, the emergence of the internet will change the distribution of goods and services as CCC will deal with customers directly. Disintermediation is eminent with the use of internet as a communication platform. This move will be beneficial to CCC, as it will reduce the cost of service delivery. The use of internet has cut out the intermediaries who had been vital in supplying the off-line information materials. CCC will have to expand their physical outlets to different geographical locations as a way of bringing their services and off-line products closer to consumers. The expansion of physical outlets is essential since the internet reaches a wider population and the chiropractic services require a doctor’s physical presence. References Aarhus University 2012, Online Marketing Strategy, Upload Share P owerPoint presentations and documents.  Web. Brannback, M. 1997, ‘Is the Internet Marketing Changing the Dominant Logic of Marketing?’, European Management Journal, vol. 15. no. 6, pp. 698-707. Griffith, D. A. Palmer, J. W. 1998, ‘An emerging model of web site design for marketing’, Communications of the ACM, vol. 41. no. 3, pp. 44. Hoffman, D. L. Novak, T. P. 1996, ‘Marketing in Hypermedia Computer Environments: Conceptual Foundations’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 60, pp. 50-68, via JSTOR database. Linton, I. 2011, Six Benefits of Internet Marketing, Small Business. Web. McQueen, M. 2005, The Benefits of E-Marketing, The Business Social Network | SunZu – The Art of Business.  Web. Nagle, T. 1984, ‘Pricing Strategy’, The Journal of Business, vol. 57. no. 1, pp. S3-S26. Sarkar, M. B. 1999, ‘Intermediaries and Cybermediaries: A Continuing Role for Mediating Players in the Electronic Marketplace’, JCMC, vol. 4 . no. 3, pp. 31-46. The Marketing Mix and 4 Ps, 2011, Mind Tools – Management Training, Leadership Training and Career Training.  Web. What is eMarketing and how is it better than traditional marketing? 2006, Quirk Marketing Agency | Born Digital.  Web. Wigand, R. T. Benjamin, R. I. 2000, Electronic Commerce: Effects on Electronic Markets, JCMC, vol. 4. no. 5, pp. 13-22. This report on Electronic Marketing in Chappy Chiropractic Clinic was written and submitted by user Kody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Iraq War essays

Iraq War essays Friday-January 16, 2004- 4:00p.m: I was watching 'Oprah' and a particular story struck me. It was about these young brides in India who were being burned alive by their husbands because they have become a burden. Before these women are married off, their husbands receive dowries from the bride's family, when the family can no longer meet up with his demands-he sets his wife on fire, in hopes of her dying, and he will eventually marry another bride and obtain more dowry. These women are shun from society and are nothing but worthless beings-they become silent voiceless shadows. This happens to thousands of women everyday. It is the power behind such stories that makes me ponder and become more aware about this world. Similarly the literature of Vietnam has been an eye opener and a gravedigger, opening up my eyes to what happened in Nam and exposing the bones left behind in the stories. It has given me another view of the Iraq War. Human nature can be hard to alter; whether it' s a soldier from Vietnam or a soldier involved in Iraq they share a similar state of mind. In The Things They Carried Tim O' Brien describes the 'Night Life' of the soldiers. In particular there is a story about the gradual mental break down of Rat Kiley. "He couldn't sleep during the hot day light hours; he couldn't cope with the nights." (p.222) As time progressed the war was definitely getting to him: "the days aren't so bad, but at night the pictures get to be a bitch. I start seeing my own body. Chunks of myself...I can see the goddamn bugs chewing tunnels through me...it's too much. I can't keep seeing myself dead."(p.223) In the end the only way for Kiley to escape was to shoot himself in the leg and get picked up by the choppers. The effect of war is no different on the mentality of a soldier serving in Iraq. The war slowly consumes the mind, body, and most deadly the soul. Once it starts to eat away it leaves a permanent scar. ...

Shorashim Groups Facebook campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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The Ethical Conduct within AIM and ECA Research Paper - 1

The Ethical Conduct within AIM and ECA - Research Paper Example Personal values stand up to be critical issues within the workplace in recent scenario. On a long-run basis, if the employers and the employees consistently don’t follow the code of business standard, the organizations cannot prosper. Differentiated professions entail various ethical codes and professional behavioral standard. In this regard, two such professions i.e. Australian Institute of Management (AIM) and Early Childhood Australia has been considered in this essay. These professions have been considered for deriving information regarding ethical conduct and behavioral standard practiced within it. The AIM is a non-profit entity, which promotes the development of education and the learning’s within the field of management along with leadership. Furthermore, the aforementioned aim of AIM is to foster development within industry, government and the commerce. The mission of AIM is to accelerate the excellence of management and the leadership skills by promoting and d eveloping the professions at differentiated levels. Moreover, the vision of the institute is to develop skilled managers for societal development Early Childhood Australia (ECA) ensures the quality, equity and the social justices related to issues pertaining to education and children’s care from birth till the age of eight years. This particular profession inculcates certain values such as; rights of the children, openness, and honesty and societal inclusion of children among others (Early Childhood Australia, 2013). This essay intends to explain the code of professional behavior within AIM and ECA. Furthermore, the essay will reflect about the importance of ethics and professional conduct within the workplace. Reflective view on the ethical and unethical behavior in the light of AIM and ECA will be inculcated within this essay. Comparison and contrast between the ethical code of AIM and ECA will also be a part of this essay. Discussion Importance Of Codes Of Ethics Within Wo rkplace The workplace ethics is often defined as â€Å"To conform to an accepted and especially professional standard of conduct†. The acceptable set of behavior within an organization is termed as the code of conduct. It aims to encourage a higher standard of practice within an organization. The code of conduct assists the employees in attaining development within the organization through their working efficiency (Baker, 2006; Code of Conduct, n.d.).This section intends to explain the importance of ethical code within AIM and ECA. AIM being a learning institute need to adhere to strict ethical conduct for an overall development. AIM’s ethical conduct represents a set of procedures that aim at accelerated management skills and its ethical role within an organization. Members of AIM need to discharge their responsibility with immense integrity. Correspondingly, the members observe and adhere to the standard mentioned within ‘Good management Practice’ that i s determined by AIM on regular basis.

Analysis of Glaxo Smith Kline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of Glaxo Smith Kline - Essay Example Glaxo Smith Kline Company, being a global healthcare company, engages in the development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical and consumer health related products. The company’s products are target towards treating three major diseases. These diseases are malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The company mainly operates through two major segments which are Consumer Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals. The Pharmaceutical segment includes prescription pharmaceuticals and vaccines. On the other hand, the Consumer Healthcare segment provides over-the-counter medicines, oral care and nutritional healthcare products. Its operations are concentrated in Italy, Spain, United States, Japan, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany (Scott, 1982, p201). Glaxo Smith Kline Company has a number of factors that make it very outstanding in the current market. Early in the year two thousand and three for instance, the company published a strategic approach to most aspects of its business performance. This strategic plan had the intention of ensuring that it gets a competitive advantage over the competition yet still ensuring that it fully satisfies the needs of it clients. The published strategic approach related to issues pertaining to the environment, health issues and the safety of all related stakeholders. This plan was later to propel the company into higher levels of better performance. An analysis of the Glaxo Smith Kline Company indicates that the company’s strategic plan for excellence was meant to help in showing how Glaxo Smith Kline Plan for excellence shows how Glaxo Smith Klines environment, health and safety framework align with the companys vision, strategic intent and key business drivers. Moreover, Glaxo Smith Kl ine Company, if it continuous with its progressive trend, will progress through management systems to leadership and excellence (Atkinson, pp.207-229). Glaxo Smith Kline Company ventures in provision of medical services to its people and

Impact Of 19th Century European Colonialism History Essay

Impact Of 19th Century European Colonialism History Essay This paper will examine the impact of 19th century European Colonialism on the Third World. Firstly I will provide a definition of the terms colonialism and Third Word, secondly I will try to evaluate this term in historical context of 19th century affairs which led to colonisation of Third World countries. I will also define countries have been colonised and name the colonising countries to provide clear picture of the subject stated above. Further I will present the arguments which will help me examine the impact of colonisation and evaluate the outcomes of this process. In the final part I shall try to add my personal opinion about colonisation in 19th century and its impact in current world politics. To understand the term colonialism we need to go back in the history and perhaps start from the ancient Greeks, who set up colonies so did the Romans, the Rooms and the Ottomans. The fact is that we cannot give an exact date when this process has started, however we can definitely state that in the 16th century colonialism has changed its dimension due to development in navigation that lead to better understanding of remote parts of the world, which were until then inaccessible. Improvement in fast sailing ships enabled discovering unknown parts of world and discovering new continents, thus severing ties between colonies and centres. Eventually this has led to the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including both Americas, Australia, Africa and certain parts of Asia. Fieldhouse in West and the Third World is referring to Oxford English Dictionary, in which we find that colonialism comes from the Roman colonia which meant farm or settlement, and referred to Romans who settled in the other lands but still retained their citizenship. Accordingly, the OED describes it as, A settlement in a new countrya body of people who settle in a new locality, forming a community subject to or connected with their parent state; the community so formed, consisting of the original settlers and their descendants and successors, as long as the connection with the parent state is kept up. Fieldhouse (1999, p. ) There is another aspect of colonialism which needs to be mentioned here. This concept is imperialism, which very often is mistaken as synonym of the term colonialism. Both these concepts were forms of conquering new territories which were expected to bring benefits to Europe in areas such as strategies and economics. However when we talk about colonialism we often refer to inhabiting places such as North America, Australia, New Zealand, Algeria and South America, mainly Brazil, that were controlled by European empires. Whereas the term imperialism refers to foreign government representatives administers a territory without settlement, typical example may be the scramble for Africa in late nineteenth century. In this essay, however I am going to be referring to colonialism in context of political domination between sixteenth and twentieth century, and nineteen century in particular. The Third World is a more difficult concept to be precisely defined. According to D.K. Fieldhouse Third Word form has been established as designating the non-capitalist and non-imperialist countries and colonies Fieldhouse (1999, p. 2) at the Bandung Conference of non aligned states in 1955. Thereafter it has become valid to indicate those Latin American, African and Asian countries that were politically detached from economic powers such as United States and the USSR. One of the propagators of colonialism in the early nineteenth century was Wakefield. In the book A View of the Art of Colonization, he claims: Colonies, therefore, are naturally exporting communities; they have a large produce for exportation. Not only have they a large produce for exportation, but that produce is peculiarly suited for exchange with old countries. I consequence of the cheapness of land in colonies, the great majority of the people are owners or occupiers of land; and their industry is necessarily in great soil, food and the raw materials of manufacture. In old countries on the other handit may be said that manufactured goods are their natural production of export. These are what the colonists do not produce. The colony produces what the colony wants. The old country and the colony, therefore, are, naturally, each others best customers. Wakefield (1849, p. 83) While this argument of complementarity was well suited to the early history of settlements societies from early Spanish America to nineteenth century Australia, New Zealand and Canada, it was also applicable, in modified form, to other parts of the world, notably tropical Africa and South-east Asia, which came under greatly increased European commercial influence during the later nineteenth century. Many parts of Africa, however well developed their internal and regional trades might be, lacked markets for greatly expanded production, particularly of bulk commodities. The establishment of overseas markets for existing products, such as palm oil or groundnuts, or innovations such as cocoa, rubber and coffee, provided a stimulus to expand land and labour utilization. This type of development, which was found also in the expanded rice production of parts of South-east Asia, did not normally require radical change in modes of production or costly new equipments. It was, therefore, potent ially cost-free to these societies, unless concentration on an export crop resulted in dependence on imports of foodstuffs that had been replaced by cash crops for export. To help me analyse the question of impact of 19th century colonialism I would like to look at Britain conquering of India. During the 19thcentury a succession of Governors General continued the British conquest in India. It has started from East India Company, which was founded by British trades initially to trade with India. Eventually British succeeded in capturing great part of India. Some Indian kingdoms were forcibly taken with military might and ruled directly as part of Indian government. By 1830 almost all of India was under direct or indirect control of Britain. More than half of the Indian provinces were directly governed by the Indian Civil Service, the remaining parts of the country called princely states were ruled by Rajahs, who were controlled by British Residents, who lived in the capital of the state and kept tabs on them. In mid 19th century India was governed by London through a Viceroy in Calcutta. The Indians were traded as slaves to other British colonies. According to D.K Fieldhouse Britain has led India to becoming a poor country; First, free trade had largely destroyed much of Indian industry, particularly that in cotton textiles, resulting in the de-industrialisation of the country for the benefit of British manufacturers and traders Fieldhouse (1999, p.35) Fieldhouse continues emphasising that development of India was stopped by rigorous free trade, which did not provide any form of protection for small industries. Real resources were drained from India to Britain, as a cause of obligatory payments for British military expenses and salaries of British officials. The combined effect was to condemn India to perpetual poverty as a nation forced to be a producing country for benefit of Britain. The British introduced modern technology with the intention to sell manufactured goods like textiles and machines for profit. In the process of trying to make a profit and exploiting India, the British did of course benefit India. They built railways throughout India in order to make everything readily accessible. They established Law Courts, civil services and transport systems. They also established factories, schools and universities to introduce western ideas and to incorporate the idea of democracy. Missionaries came to India and spread Christianity. This was all done in the name of Britains economy. (http://library.thinkquest.org/17282/history.html) The European colonialism of the world brought great things but the price colonized countries paid for it was also enormous. When analysing the final product of colonialism we can see two parallels, one is the lost of national identity or strictly speaking cultural identity, and the second is the changing of social structure and hierarchy. However colonialism, in as much as it was a vehicle for the export of Western technologies, also spelt the export of these ideas. Marxism views colonialism as a form of capitalism, enforcing exploitation and social change. Working within the global capitalist system, colonialism is closely associated with uneven development, he thought. Hence Marx himself regarded colonialism as brutal precondition for the liberation of these societies: England, it is true, in causing a social revolution in Hinduistan was actuated only by the vilest interests, and was stupid in her manner of enforcing them. But that is not the question. The question is, can mankind fulfil its destiny without a fundamental revolution in the social state of Asia? If not, whatever may have been the crimes of England she was the unconscious tool of history in bringing about that revolution Marx (1973, p.306) One of the Enlightenment thinkers Diderot was very critical of the barbarity of colonialism. Diderot was one of the most forceful critics of European colonization. He argued that it was not genuine intention of Europe to civilize the rest of the world. In his book Histoire des deux Indes, he counter argued the view that indigenous people benefit from European civilization and opposed that the European colonists are the uncivilized ones. He claimed that culture national character- helps to inculcate morality and reinforces norms of respect, but these norms tend to dissipate when the individual is far from his country of origin. He believed that colonial empires frequently become the sites of extreme brutality because when the colonists were far away from legal institutions and informal sanctions, the habits of restraint fell away, exposing natural mans full instinct for violence. (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/) In the book of Water Rodney How Europe underdeveloped Africa, author emphasises that European colonialism destroyed the native viability of African societies and their capacity for sustained development, leaving them marginalized helots on the periphery of the western capitalist world. He summed this up by saying Africans went into colonialism with a hoe and came out with a hoe Rodney (1973, p.239) To aid understanding about his point of view Fieldhouse is using another author, Jean Suret- Canale. Fieldhouse emphasises that particularly in West Africa, mainly French trading companies, which were dominating these territories had no genuine interest in economic development. they merely wanted to export commodities and sell imported consumer goods. Fieldhouse (1999, p. 165) To conclude the legitimacy of colonialism is still visible today through examining the causes of poverty and underdevelopment in Third World countries. In many of the Third World countries commodities production for export, was in no sense an optional, and certainly not a sufficient condition for sustained economic growth. Its success or failure seems to have been in direct proportions to the extent to which this forcible linking of peripheral countries with the West injected and nurtured the virus of capitalism, or modernisation. In the British settlers colonies colonization did this very effectively, in most tropical dependencies the effects were limited. The relative poverty of many Third World countries reflects this particular failure. Yet the modern experience of a number of one-time colonies in South-east and East Asia also suggest that colonial rule and foreign trade may lay the foundations for much more dramatic economic development as part of international division of labou r.

Hazing Essay -- Essays Papers

Hazing Hazing is one of the fastest rising problems in America. "Hazing" has caused many deaths and psychological problems to its victims. Hazing humiliates, and degrades individuals. People have heard of hazing recently due to the deaths of many kids and teenagers. Hazing used to be thought of as harmless and was considered to be harmless pranks with college students in fraternities. Today, hazing is experienced by boys/men and girls/women in school groups, university organizations, athletic teams, the military, and other social and professional organizations. Hazing has grown to become a major social problem. Recent incidents have been documented in marching bands, religious cults, and other types of clubs. Reports of hazing activities in high schools are on the rise. Hazing is considered to be: physically abusive, hazardous, and/or sexually violating. While alcohol abuse is common in many types of hazing, there are other abusive techniques such as: yelling, swearing and insulting new members/rookies, forcing participants to wear embarrassing or humiliating attire in public, consumption of substances, physical beatings, binge drinking and drinking games, and sexual assault. Hazing is abused mostly at the University level. In the Alfred/NCAA survey of college athletes, hazing was defined as, "any activity expected of someone joining a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses or endangers, regardless of the person’s willingness to participate. This does not include activities such as rookies carrying the balls, team parties with community games, or going out with your teammates, unless an atmosphere of humiliation, degradation, abuse or danger arises." According to the survey, hazing is now looked at as someone in charge... ...orks Cited Clay, Gordon. Hazing. 5 April 2004. <http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/hazing.html>. ESPN. Sports Hazing Incidents. 5 April 2004. <http://www.espn.go.com/otl/hazing/list.html>. Fierberg, Douglas E. Hazing: Know Your Real "Rights" of Passage. 5 April 2004. <http:// www.smcalaw.com/hazing/defpage1.htm>. Lycoming College. Anti Hazing Information. 5 April 2004. <http://www.lycoming.edu/stuprograms/anti-hazing.htm>. Nuwer, Hank. Unofficial Clearinghouse to Track Hazing Deaths and Incidents. 14 April 2004. http://www.hazing.hanknuwer.com. Social Psychology Doctor Program. Social Psychology. Course Home Page. Dept. of Psychology, Miami U. 5 April 2004. <http://www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/groups/hazing.shtml>. University of Washington. Hazing. 5 April 2004. <http://www.washington.edu/students/handbook/hazing.html>.